Flying Order Book
SECTION 1
AERODROME AND FLYING REGULATIONS
ORDER NO 1. - OPENING HOURS
The Flying School will be open at times promulgated for flying instruction and hire of aircraft.
When considered necessary, the Flying School will open for early morning flying and night flying.
The times at which flying may be conducted are those which are stated in Section 4, Order 1.
ORDER NO 2. - COMPLETION OF FLIGHT & AUTHORISATION SHEETS
All flights are to be booked out on the flight authorisation sheet and to be authorised by an Instructor. Members of staff whom are PPL Holders are able to authorise PPL Holders. Regardless of whether the Student or PPL Holder is flying solo they must sign the column on the authorisation sheet labelled "Pilots Initials Before Flight".
If the flight is the first one of the day Students / PPL Holders must ensure that the Check A of the aircraft is signed and dated, as well as initial fuel and oil states. After each flight the technical record must be filled in correctly, ensuring any uploads of fuel or oil are annotated.
ORDER NO 3. – DEFECTS
If any Student / PPL Holders finds a defect they must immediately inform an Instructor or member of staff. This instructor or member of staff should then, if need be, enter the defect in the appropriate column on the authorisation sheet and fill in the defect notification sheet on the
tech log. It is then the Instructor / member of staff‟s responsibility to alert engineering of the defect.
ORDER NO 4. – UNLICENSED AERODROMES/GRASS STRIP AIRFIELDS
PPL training is not allowed at an unlicensed Aerodrome.
A PPL Holder may land at an unlicensed, grass or special attention (i.e. short, narrow, etc) aerodrome only after seeking authorisation from Head of Training, the Chief Flying Instructor or the Duty Flight Instructor.
If the PPL Holder has not visited the aerodrome before a dual flight with an instructor must be conducted before going solo.
ORDER NO 5. – REQUIREMENTS FOR SOLO FLYING
Students must have read and signed the Flying Order Book before their first solo flight. They must also check the Flying Order Book before any flight to ensure there have been no amendments.
Students must be in possession of a valid medical certificate for their type of licence (PPL or NPPL) before any solo flight.
Before a Students FIRST SOLO they must have taken and passed the written examination in AIR LAW or have adequate knowledge ascertained from the duty instructor.
Before a Students First Solo Cross Country / Navigation Flight they must have taken and passed the written examination in Navigation and Meteorology.
Before a Students Qualifying Cross Country flight they must have taken and passed the written examination in Human Performance.
PPL or NPPL Holders must be in possession of a valid medical certificate for their type of licence and their twenty-four month Certificate of Experience must be valid before they are able to hire an aircraft or fly solo.
In order for a PPL Holder to hire an aircraft and fly it solo they must be current. The currency periods are as follows:
PPL Holders with less than 100 hours PIC Must have flown in the preceding 28 days or approval has been sort from the CFI. PPL Holders with
200 hours or more PIC Must have flown in the preceding 42 days.If a PPL Holder does not meet the criteria above they will be required to have a dual check flight with an Instructor before solo flying will be allowed. This criteria may be waived at the discretion of the CFI/Duty FI.
If a PPL Holder is current on the Cessna 172 and has been checked out previously on the Cessna 152, they are permitted to fly the Cessna 152 even if not current on the type.
ORDER NO 6. – POSSESSION OF CURRENT LICENCE
PPL Holders must present their licence to the PPL Examiner at the same time as the logbook if requiring signature for the Certificate of Experience (i.e twenty-four months).
In addition, it will be a mandatory requirement to read and sign the Pilot‟s Order Book
before the logbook signing takes place.
ORDER NO 7. – CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS
Student pilots are not permitted to carry passengers.Subject to the discretion of the CFI / Duty FI or staff member and the privileges of the licence, a School Member may fly as pilot-in-command of a School aircraft carrying passengers.
Passengers are not permitted on Trial Lessons unless approved by an InstructorNo dual instruction may be given in a School aircraft except by duly appointed instructors.
Passengers must be briefed before flight by a pilot on the safety harness, entry and exit, location of First Aid box, fire extinguisher, survival equipment, and emergency procedures applicable to the flight. All passenger names must be entered on the authorisation sheet and the passenger forms must be completed.
ORDER NO 8. – LOG BOOKS
All pilots are to ensure that their personal logbooks are kept up to date and available for inspection if required.
ORDER NO 9. – REQUIREMENTS FOR MUTUAL FLYING
Student mutual flying is only to be carried out with the CFI‟s permission and is normally for advanced training purposes only.
SECTION 2
AIRCRAFT HANDLING ORDERS
ORDER NO 1.
Aircraft must be checked before flight as per the relevant checklist for that type of aircraft.
Note oil level minimum (full less 1 litre only).
Before the first flight of the day, the fuel drains must be checked.
Before starting the engine, the pilot must ensure that his taxiing will not be impeded by obstructions and that there are no loose stones, etc that may damage the propeller. Pilots must be familiar with the commander‟s responsibilities as laid down in Article 43 of the ANO.
ORDER NO 2. – PRECAUTIONS WHEN STARTING ENGINES
When normal engine starting, pilots must adhere to the relevant checklist.
ORDER NO 3. – HAND SWINGS
Under no circumstances is anyone allowed to hand swing propellers to start engines, unless approved by the CFI.
ORDER NO 4. – RUNNING UP PROCEDURES
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES will engines be started, operated or aircraft taxied in the hanger. Pilots must use designated areas on the airfield for running up engines. Aircraft must be into wind and clear behind before running engines up.
ORDER NO 5. – TURNS AFTER TAKE-OFF
Climbing turns after take-off must not be initiated below 500ft A.A.L. with a maximum angle of bank of 15 degrees. If an early turn out is requested by A.T.C this must be done by the Instructor only.
ORDER NO 6. – AEROBATICS, SPINNING & OTHER UNUSUAL MANOEUVERS
No member shall perform Aerobatics Manoeuvres in School aircraft unless they have been trained to do so and have satisfactory log book evidence of such training and completion. Any manoeuvres must only be those as authorised in the aircraft flight manual and within the limitations expressed therein.
ORDER NO 7. – PRACTISE FORCED LANDINGS
PPL Holders or students must obtain specific authorisation from a Flying Instructor, including the area where it may be practised, before flight. Pilots must also have regard for low flying regulations. Refer to ANO Regulation 2, Section 2, Rule 5.
ORDER NO 8. – LOW FLYING REGULATIONS
All Instructors, Students and PPL Holders must comply with the relevant Low Flying Rules as published in the ANO. Refer to ANO Regulation 2, Section 2, Rule 5.
Any flying conducted below the legal limit due to adverse weather conditions must be reported to any Instructor or Operational Staff immediately upon landing.
ORDER NO 9. – GO-AROUND ACTION
If an Instructor, Student or PPL Holder is in any doubt about the stability of the approach, too close to the aircraft in front, or if ordered by ATC a go-around will be initiated.
ORDER NO 10. – FUEL UPLIFT
The PIC of any flight must ensure that there is sufficient fuel and oil on board for the duration of the flight plus any divert, plus any contingencies and they are of the correct grade.
If further oil is required it must either be carried or supplies gained away from base, and it must be of the correct grade.
If fuel uplift is required it must be ensured that it is of the correct grade, sufficient and does not place the aircraft outside weight and balance limitations.
Any paperwork related to the uplift of fuel / oil away from base must be presented to Operations Staff immediately upon landing.
Note: PPL flights must NOT commence with less than half a tank.
ORDER NO 11. – PILOTS RESPONSIBILITES
All pilots are responsible for their own actions and any legal proceedings taken over contravention of regulations is entirely their responsibility.
ORDER NO 12. – INSTRUMENT FLYING (Actual & Simulated)
PPL Holders wishing to practise Instrument Flight without an Instructor must be accompanied by a suitable qualified pilot who should act as a safety pilot irrespective of whether the other pilot is flying under the hood or not.
SECTION 3
GENERAL FLYING ORDERS
ORDER NO 1. – MINIMUM ALTITUDES/FLIGHT LEVELS OF TRAINING
SPINNING – This exercise will commence at a height which will ensure recovery by 3000 ft AGL when specifically authorised (see flight manual for height loss per turn and therefore minimum entry height).
E.G. C152 height loss per turn is 230 ft. Loss of height during recovery – allow 1000 ft.
Therefore, 2 turn spin = 460 ft + 1000 ft for recovery which gives a minimum safe entry height of 4460 ft.
PA-38 –No spinning should be undergone until a proper briefing has been sort and previous training has been under gone with an appropriate and experienced instructor
AEROBATICS – Only to be performed when authorised by CFI / Duty FI. The minimum height normally to be 3000 ft AGL. For experienced aerobatics pilots a lower minimum height may be authorised specifically by the CFI / Duty FI. If engine or airframe limits are exceeded, REPORT THIS IMMEDIATELY.
ORDER NO 2. – WEATHER MINIMA FOR LOCAL & CROSS COUNTRY FLIGHTS
The following criteria will apply:-
PPL HOLDERS WITH NO IMC RATING AND ALL STUDENTS
PPL holders with no IMC rating are reminded of the necessity to fly at all times within the VFR privileges of their Licence in accordance with the conditions laid down in the UK AIP (Air Pilot).
PPL HOLDERS WITH AN IMC RATING
PPL holders with an IMC Rating are reminded of the necessity to fly at all times within the VFR/IFR privileges of their Licence in accordance with the conditions laid down in the UK AIP (Air Pilot).
However, notwithstanding the above criteria the following Highland Aviation Training School Rules will apply to
all flights in School aircraft except at the discretion of a FI or in an Emergency or in the interests of safety, e.g. inadequate fuel endurance to divert to an alternative airfield. 13 | P a g e
1) STUDENT (whatever level - Solo circuit flights will not be authorised if the of experience visibility is less then 7 km (4nm). The cloud base (ceiling) is less than 1200ft A.A.L. Or if there is any probability of extreme weather conditions
Solo cross-country flights will not be authorised if for any part of the intended route the in flight visibility is less then 10 km. The cloud base (ceiling) is less than the planned safety altitude or if there is any probability of extreme weather conditions.
2) PPL (less than 100 hours - 9 km in flight visibility, in sight of the surface, P1 with no IMC clear of cloud with a minimum cloud base of Rating) 1000 ft above aerodrome level.
3) PPL (more than 100 hours - 7 km in flight visibility, in sight of the surface, P1 with no IMC clear of cloud with a minimum cloud base of rating) 1000 ft above aerodrome level.
4) PPL (with IMC or Instrument - At pilots discretion providing conditions are Ratings) not below minima restrictions of operators licence.
Wind speed limitations for the operation of company aircraft are as follows:-
C152 13kts crosswind and 30kts max surface
C172 15kts crosswind and 30kts max surface
PA28 17kts crosswind and 30kts max surface
PA38 15kts crosswind and 30kts max surface
For PPL holders and students the max surface wind is 25kts.
ORDER NO 3. - PREPARATION FOR CROSS-COUNTRY EXERCISES AND NAVIATION FLIGHTS.
Full fuel must be used for solo student cross-country flights.
STUDENTS – must be briefed by a FI for cross-country flights and navigation exercises including turning points, weather, RT calls, danger areas, shortage of fuel and lost and uncertain of position procedures.
Students on the qualifying cross-country must be briefed according to the pre-formatted briefing certificate which must be signed by the FI or CFI.
PPL HOLDERS – must obtain authorisation from an instructor or operations personnel who are PPL Holders
ORDER NO 4. – ACTION WHEN UNCERTAIN OF POSITION
Pilots must:-
(1) Read landmark from ground to the map and try to ascertain their position.
(2) Make full use of the RT for Direction Finding facilities / transponder.
ORDER NO 5. – ACTION WHEN LOST
As for Order No. 5., make full use of 121.50 distress frequency. Keep a careful check of fuel remaining. If position can not be determined, land at nearest aerodrome. If fuel shortage or onset of darkness is imminent, land, secure aircraft and contact the School.
DO NOT PLAN TO TAKE-OFF WITHOUT PERMISSION.
ORDER NO 6. - LANDING AT UNAUTHORISED OR UNINTENDED DESTINATIONS
If a pilot has landed at an unauthorised or unintended destination for any reason, they must contact Highland Aviation Training immediately and inform them of the circumstances. If a flight plan has been filed, they must inform ATC (within 30 minutes) to cancel the flight plan.
ORDER NO 7. - FORCED LANDING – AIRCRAFT DAMAGE
In the event of a forced landing, the pilot-in-command shall immediately:-
(a) Take all necessary steps to prevent damage by sightseers, animals and weather, etc.
(b) Notify the local police, ATC and Highland Aviation Ltd by telephone.
Subsequent to any forced landing, the pilot shall be responsible for the safety of the aircraft until handed over to a Company Representative.
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL A SCHOOL MEMBER ATTEMPT TO TAKE-OFF AFTER A FORCED LANDING OR UNAUTHORISED LANDING.
NO INFORMATION CONCERNING THE FORCED LANDING SHALL BE GIVEN TO THE PRESS OR ANY OTHER PERSON WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE CFI.
ORDER NO 8. - A.U.W, C of G LIMITATIONS AND WEIGHT & PERFORMANCE
SCHEDULES
The pilot-in-command of the aircraft is responsible for ensuring that the aircraft is correctly loaded in accordance with the weight and loading schedule for the aircraft, as contained in the relevant flight manual for that aircraft type.
ORDER NO 9. - FLYING OVER THE SEA
Pilots should ensure that adequate fuel is carried for the journey and all alternative destinations. Life jackets should be worn and dinghy carried in the aircraft. In addition the use of a survival suit is strongly recommended. Passengers must be briefed on their use and also ditching procedures and in exiting the aircraft in the event of ditching.
ORDER NO 10. - CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL OR OTHER DRUGS BEFORE FLIGHT
Pilots are not permitted to drink any alcohol for a period of eight hours before they are due to fly. If the pilot has consumed a large amount of alcohol it is highly recommended that a greater than eight hour period will be required between drinking and flying. Pilots are reminded that it
takes the body one-hour to eliminate one unit of alcohol, and sleep causes the elimination of alcohol to take even longer. Someone who is under the influence is not permitted to board an aircraft as a passenger.
If a pilot is on drugs prescribed by a doctor, a reference should be made to the relevant AIC PINK for guidance, as the drug may have an adverse effect on the ability to fly.
The taking of drugs for anything except medical conditions, such as recreational drugs is strictly prohibited.
Refer to the ANO Section 1, Part 5, Order 75.
ORDER NO 11. - STATE OF HEALTH
If a pilot has been ILL for a period of 20 days or more, his medical automatically lapses until re-examination by an AME. Reference to the ANO Article 19 should be made.
ORDER NO 12. - WAKE TURBULENCE
Pilots are reminded of the dangers associated with turbulence caused by aircraft wake vortices. Reference should be made to the relevant AIC PINK 95 Wake Turbulence.
ORDER NO 13. - CHARITY FLIGHTS
Refer to the ANO Section 1, Part 14, Order 159.
ORDER NO 14. - CARE OF AIRCRAFT AWAY FROM BASE
If it is intended to leave aircraft for long periods of time and especially overnight it must be authorised by the duty instructor and it is the pilots responsibility to ensure that the aircraft is either hangared or correctly tied down with due regard to likely weather conditions. The pilot is also responsible for the safety and security of the aircraft.
ORDER NO 15. - NIGHT FLYING SUPERVISION
All night flying training must be supervised by an FI with night flying endorsement.
PPL night flying can be self-authorised subject to the duty instructor authorising the flight before they leave and also subject to all booking out procedures.
SECTION 4
RULES OF THE AIR & ATC
ORDER NO 1. – TIMES AT WHICH FLYING MAY BE CONDUCTED
Training flights are not permitted to begin until 30 minutes after official sunrise. Training flights may then be conducted until official night. PPL Holders may fly solo from 30 minutes after official sunrise until 30 mins hour before official night, unless the PPL Holder has privileges on their
licence which allow flight at night. These PPL Holders must have landed 30 mins prior to airport closure.
ORDER NO 2. – TAXIING PROCEDURES
Fast taxiing is prohibited, and must not exceed a fast walking pace. Aircraft must not be taxied within close proximity to any stationary objects, e.g. hangers, petrol pumps, or any other aircraft without assistance on both wing tips. REMEMBER .....
LOOK OUT AND IF ANY DOUBT STOP AND SHUT DOWN THE AIRCRAFT TO SEEK ASSISTANCE.
ORDER NO 3. – INSTRUCTIONS FROM ATC
Pilots must obey legitimate instructions from ATC, if in any doubt or if a particular instruction is regarded as dangerous, the pilot will contact ATC for alternate instructions. Pilots must book out by telephone before taxiing.
ORDER NO 4. – PROCEDURES FOR LEAVING THE CIRCUIT
Pilots will leave the circuit in the direction of the VRP or as directed by ATC. When clear of the zone, pilots will change to the relevant ATC provider.
ORDER NO 5. – LOCAL FLYING AREA
There is no specifically defined local flying area but the Black Isle is usual.
ORDER NO 6. – REJOINING CIRCUIT PROCEDURES AT BASE
Approach to land will be in accordance with ATC instructions. Overhead joining procedures at Inverness are the exception rather than the rule.
Pilots are reminded that the circuit is an area of highly concentrated operations and look out must be increased accordingly.
ORDER NO 7. – ACTION AFTER LANDING
Pilots must taxi well clear of the duty runway before carrying out after landing checks as per the checklist. If required pilots should request to stop on the taxiway in order to accomplish the checklist if they are unable to do so while taxiing.
REMEMBER ..... LOOK OUT.
ORDER NO 8. – USE OF RT
Due to the very busy frequencies at Inverness it is imperative that pilots are aware of what they wish to say before transmitting. Similarly a close listening watch should be maintained in order not to transmit over or interrupt another pilots transmission.
In the event of a radio failure pilots are to follow the procedures outlined below:
RADIO FAILURE PROCEDURES –
Local Flights – VFR Circuit Details Observe light signals and land.
VFR Local Flights, SSR equipped aircraft, inside or outside Controlled Airspace
- Select 7600
- Return to overhead the field via the appropriate VRP at 1200ft QFE, or cloud base, whichever is lower. Circle twice and join downwind for the illuminated runway
- Observe light signals and land
- Aircraft not SSR equipped inside Controlled Airspace
- Return to overhead the aircraft via the appropriate VRP at 1200ft QFE, or cloudbase, whichever is lower. Circle twice and join circuit downwind for the illuminated runway.
- Observe light signals and land
ATCOs are reminded that blind transmissions should be made and the pilot requested to indicate if he is able to receive. Light signals should be given as laid down in MATS Part 1.
Speechless Code
No. Of Transmissions Meaning
One Short Yes (or an acknowledgement)
Two Short No
Three Short Say again
Four Short Request homing
One Long (2 secs.) Manoeuvre complete
One Long, two short, one long The aircraft has developed another Emergency
ORDER NO 9. – INFRINGEMENTS OF CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
Pilots must report to the CFI after any inadvertent penetration of controlled airspace.
SECTION 5
CHECKLISTS
Pilots must make use of the checklists relevant to each different aircraft type.
SECTION 6
EMERGENCY DRILLS
(1) Engine failure after take-off
(2) Crash action
(3) Fire in the air
(4) Fire on the ground
(5) Forced landings without power
(6) Forced landings with power
(7) Ditching
(8) Radio Failure
All the above are detailed in the relevant flight manuals and checklists and all pilots should memorise the necessary checks and drills to cover the above emergencies.
SECTION 7
SCHOOL REGULATIONS
ORDER NO 1. – SMOKING PROHIBITATIONS
Smoking is not permitted in any aircraft operated by the Flying School, nor inside any premises run by the Flying School.
ORDER NO 2. – CARE OF FLYING EQUIPMENT
If any pilot loses or damages flying equipment, they will be charged for the equipment at the current rate of that piece of equipment.
ORDER NO 3. – DISCIPLINARY ACTION FOR BREACH OF LOCAL ORDERS & REGULATIONS
If any pilot breaches local orders or regulations, the action, if any, taken against that pilot will be determined at the discretion of the CFI and / or Highland Aviation Training Ltd
ORDER NO 4. – FLYING CHARGES
The management at their discretion, at any time, can alter the scheme of charges for flying and goods. Students and PPL Holders will be advised of the new scheme of charges by posters located throughout the Flying School. A scheme of current charges should always be available at the School Office.
Any charges incurred at the Flying School must be paid immediately on completion of any flight / purchase of goods, unless alternative arrangements have been made with Operational
Staff. Any unauthorised credit (i.e. non payment) will incur a 10% surcharge on top of their invoice.
Pilots are able to hold money on account (i.e. paying for flying before taking the flights) by talking to Operational Staff.
ORDER NO 5. – BOOKING FLIGHTS
Subject to availability, a Student or PPL Holder may book in advance, a time for instruction or hire of aircraft.
Students or PPL Holders may book as many lessons as required, however they are limited to 2 booking per day, unless authorised for more by Operational Staff. If there are still bookings available 7 days before the required booking day a Student or PPL Holder may book additional times on the same day.
ORDER NO 6. – PRIORITY OF FLIGHTS
If due to aircraft unavailability, instructor sickness, etc flights need to be cancelled the following priority will be enforced:
(1) Examinations
(2) Students
(3) Solo Hiring
(4) Trial Lessons
(5) Any Additional Bookings (i.e. Students who have more than one lesson a day)
ORDER NO 7. – CANCELLATIONS AND NON ATTENDANCE
If less than 24 hours notice of cancellation is given the Flying School reserves the right to charge a £25 cancellation fee.
If a Student or PPL Holder fails to attend their booking the Flying School reserves the right to charge a £25 cancellation fee.
A Student or PPL Holder must be available at least 15 minutes prior to the time booked, and be ready to fly (i.e. any navigation planning done, etc). If the Student or PPL Holder is not ready to commence their flight at the time booked they forfeit their right to that flight and the Flying
School reserves the right to use the aircraft and / or instructor for another student as well as the right to charge a £25 cancellation fee.
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